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Education

• PhD (1991) International Business, Indiana University
• MBA (1986) Marketing and International Business, Indiana University
• BBA (1982) Finance, University of Notre Dame

Intellectual Contributions

• Trevino, Len; Balkin, David. (2026). Diversity management at a crossroads: A contextually driven path for understanding organizational responses to DEI, Human Resource Management Review, 36(1), Article: 101120
• Trevino, Len; et al, (20 other authors). (2026). Impact of organizational culture on employee psychological safety perception: The pivotal role of trust in top management across 18 societies, International Business Review, 35(1), Article: 102523
• Trevino, Len; Gomez-Mejia, Luis; Caudill, Steven; Detotto, Claudio; Mixon, Jr., Franklin; Keen, Josh. (2026). Calling the Shots: Senior Manager Gender, Risk, and Organizational Performance in Different Strategic Decision‐Making Context, Human Resource Management Journal, 36(1), 13-31
• Garcia, M. Fernanda; Liu, Hua; del Carmen Triana, Maria; Trevino, Len. (2025). Support for Sustainable Development Goal 5 and Social Performance: The Role of Diversity Targets, Work-Life Balance Practices, and Female Representation, Human Resource Management, 64(5), 1457-1479
• Perez-Batres, Luis; Amin, Abu; Trevino, Len; Mamun, K.. (2025). Aligning Firm Capabilities and Business Environment in a Managerial Context: Evidence from the 2016 Presidential Election and Dodd-Frank Rollback, American Business Review, 28(1), 161-175
• Trevino, Len; et al, (35 other authors). (2025). Gender composition at work and women's career satisfaction: An international study of 35 societies, Human Resource Management Journal, 35(2), 397-427
• Bear, Luis; Trevino, Len; Aguinis, Claudio. (2025). A star is born or not: Understanding the star emergence gender gap, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 46(2 - The Job Annual Review and Conceptual Development Issue), 351-367
• Dheer, R.; Terpstra-Tong, J.; Trevino, Len. (2023). Organizational Culture: Effect on Psychological Safety Mediated by Trust Across 18 Societies, Academy of Management Conference
• Dheer, R.; Terpstra-Tong, J.; Trevino, Len. (2023). Organizational Culture: Effect on Psychological Safety Mediated by Trust Across 18 Societies, Academy of International Business Conference
• Liu, K.; Trevino, Len; Al Asady, A.. (2023). How would foreign entrepreneurs deal with pressures for corruption? A micro-foundational approach, International Small Business Journal, 41(3), 298-317
• Perez-Batres, L.A.; Trevino, Len. (2023). Sustainable Regional Real Options Value Chains: An Ounce of Prevention is Worth a Pound of Cure, Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 21(4), 404-418
• Balkin, D.B.; Trevino, Len; Straub, C.. (2022). The Effect of Gender Inequities in the Classroom and Beyond in U.S. Business Schools, Journal of Management Education, 46(3), 582-606
• Trevino, Len; et al, (35 other authors). (2022). The impact of gender-role-orientations on subjective career success: a multilevel study of 36 societies, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 138, Article: 103773; 23 pages
• Trevino, Len; et al, (48 other authors). (2022). Are societal-level values still relevant measures in the twenty-first century businessworld? A 39-society analysis, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-022-09822-z
• Dheer, Ratan; Trevino, Len. (2022). Explaining the Rate of Opportunity Compared to Necessity Entrepreneurship in a Cross-Cultural Context: Analysis and Policy Implications, Journal of International Business Policy, 5(1), 29-55
• Dheer, Ratan; Egri, C.P.; Trevino, Len. (2021). A Cross-Cultural Exploratory Analysis of Pandemic Growth: The Case of Covid-19, Journal of International Business Studies, 52(9), 1871-1892
• Trevino, Len; Egri, C.; Ralston, D.; et al, . (2021). A Multi-Country, Multi-Sector Replication Challenge to the Validity of the Cultural Tightness/Looseness Measure, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 38, 735-764
• Funk, C.A.; Trevino, Len; Oriaifo, J.. (2021). Resource Curse Impacts on the Co-Evolution of Emerging Economy Institutions and Firm Internationalization, International Business Review, 30(4)
• Trevino, Len; Doh, Jonathan. (2021). Internationalization of the Firm: A Discourse-Based View, Journal of International Business Studies, 52(7), 1375-1392
• Terpstra, J.; Ralston, D.; Trevino, Len. (2021). The Impact of Gender Role Orientations on Subjective Career Success: A Multilevel Study of 36 Societies, Academy of International Business Annual Conference (Winner of WAIB Best Paper Award)
• Trevino, Len; Egri, C.; Ralston, D.; et al, . (2020). A Cross-Cultural Examination of Person-Organization Fit: Is P-O Fit Congruent with or Contingent on Societal Values?, Management International Review, 60(2), 287-314
• Ralston, D.; Egri, C.; Naoumova, I.; Trevino, Len; Shimuzo, K.; Li, Y.. (2020). An Empirical Test of the Trichotomy of Values Crossvergence Theory, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 37(1), 65-90
• Cooke, Donna; Dubois, F.; Sawant, Rajeev; Sprott, D.E.; Trevino, Len. (2020). Bringing the Dark Side of International Business into the Classroom, AIB Insights, 20(1), 28-31
• Perez-Batres, L.A.; Trevino, Len. (2020). Exposure, black swans, and real options, Academy of Management
• Perez-Batres, L.A.; Trevino, Len. (2020). Global Supply Chains in Response to COVID-19: Adopting a Real Options Mindset, AIB Insights (COVID-19 SI), 20(3)
• Terpstra-Tong, J.; Ralston, D.; Trevino, Len; et al, . (2020). The Quality of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX): An Analysis of Individual-Level, Organizational-Level and Societal-Level Antecedents, Journal of International Management, 26(3), Article: 100760
• Balkin, D.B.; Trevino, Len; Fitza, M.; Gomez-Mejia, L.R.; Tadikonda, H.. (2020). Antecedents of Non-Monetary Rewards: Designated the First Author, Management Research, 18(2)
• Dheer, Ratan; Li, Mingxiang; Trevino, Len. (2019). An Intergrative Approach to the Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship across Nations, Journal of World Business, 54(6), Article 101004
• Balkin, D.B.; Trevino, Len; Fitza, M.; Gomez-Mejia, L.R.; Tadikonda, H.. (2019). Determinants of First Authoriship: Equity, Equality or Need?, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
• Trevino, Len; Egri, C.; Ralston, D.; et al., . (2019). Analyzing person-organization fit in a cross-cultural environment: Are societal values still relavant?, Academy of International Business Annual Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark
• Weinberg, F.; Trevino, Len; Cleveland, O.. (2019). Gendered communication and career outcomes: A construct validation and prediction of hierarchical advancement and non-hierarchical rewards, Communication Research, 46(4), 456-502; DOI: 10.1177/0093650215590605
• Funk, C.; Trevino, Len; Oriaifo, J.. (2018). Resource Curse Effects on Emerging/Developed Economy MNE Competitiveness and Co-Evolution, Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, USA
• Balkin, D.B.; Trevino, Len; Fitza, M.; Gomez-Mejia, L.R.; Tadikonda, H.. (2018). Who's on first? Uncovering the factors that lead to first authorship in management scholarship, Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, USA
• Naoumova, I.; Egri, C.P.; Volkova, I.; Trevino, Len; Yongjuan, L.; de la Garza, M.; Darder, F.L.; Furrer, O.; Ralston, D.A.. (2017). Growing social capital in high school: A six country comparative study of organizational culture, Academy of International Business US SE Conference, Washington, DC, USA
• Trevino, Len; Balkin, D.; Gomez-Mejia, L.R.. (2017). How 'Doing Gender' Leads to Gender Imbalances in the Higher Ranks in Colleges of Business and [How to 'Undo Gender'], Academy of Management Learning & Education, 16(3), 439-453
• Funk, C.; Trevino, Len. (2017). Institution Building in Retreat: The Effects of Co-devolution on MNE-Emerging Economy Relationships, Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 24(3), 436-453
• Ballam, M.; Sprott, D.; Trevino, Len. (2016). Pressures and constraints in building or maintaining international business programs, Academy of International Business Annual Conference, New Orleans, LA, USA
• Trevino, Len; Ralston, D.A.; , et al. (2015). A cross-cultural critique of the cultural tightness looseness measure, Academy of International Business Annual Conference, Bengaluru, India
• Trevino, Len. (2015). Institutional theory and institution building in emerging markets, Elgar, New York, New York, USA
• Trevino, Len; Gomez-Mejia, L.R.; Balkin, D.; Mixon, Jr., F.G.. (2015). Meritocracies or masculinities? The differential allocation of named professorships by gender in the academy, Journal of Management, DOI: 10.1177/0149206315599216
• Smith-Sockbeson, C.E.; Weinberg, F.J.; Trevino, Len. (2014). The effects of gendered communication and gender composition on objective indicators of career success, Southern Management Association, Savannah, Georgia, USA
• Daniels, J.D.; Trevino, Len. (2013). An agenda for expanding the study of the international business - performance relationship, Academy of Performance Management, New York, New York, USA
• Weinberg, F.J.; Trevino, Len; Cleveland, O.. (2013). Gendered communication and career outcomes: A construct validation and prediction of hierarchical advancement and non-heirarchical awards, Academy of Management Annual Conference, Orlando, FL, USA
• Daeil, N.; Trevino, Len; Cullen, J.B.. (2012). Firm- and country-specific advantages: A multi-level analysis of internationalization, POSRI Business and Economic Review, 12(2), 5-40
• Sahaym, A.; Trevino, Len; Steensma, K.. (2012). The influence of managerial discretion, innovation, and uncertainty on export intensity: A real options perspective, International Business Review, 21(6), 1131-1147
• Krug, J.A.; Locander, W.; Trevino, Len. (2011). Internationalizing the business school student body: A holistic approach, Academy of International Business Annual Conference, Nagoya, Japan
• Trevino, Len; Mixon, F.G.; Funk, C.; Inkpen, A.C.. (2010). A perspective on the state of the field: international business publications in the elite journals as a measure of institutional and faculty productivity, International Business Review, 19(4), 378-387
• Tang, L.; Trevino, Len. (2010). Asymmetries in knowledge distribution from the industrial triad to Asia, Journal of Economic Asymmetries , 7(1), 1-21
• Funk, C.; Arthurs, J.D.; Trevino, Len; Joireman, J.. (2010). Consumer animosity in the global value chain: The effect of international production shifts on willingness to purchase hybrid products, Journal of International Business Studies, 41(4), 639-651
• Tang, L.; Trevino, Len. (2010). ICT development and the regional versus global strategies of multinational enterprises, Multinational Business Review, 18(4), 51-70
• Tang, L.; Trevino, Len. (2010). The moderating role of ITC on FDI and distance: A source versus host country perspective, Academy of International Business Annual Conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
• Mixon, F.G.; Trevino, Len. (2010). Vertical trust networks as a precursor to New Public Management: bureaucratic entrepreneurship during the nazi holocaust, Humanomics, 26(4), 249-258
• Gomez-Mejia, L.R.; Trevino, Len; Mixon, F.G.. (2009). Winning the tournament for named professorships in managmement, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(9), 1843-1863
• Trevino, Len; Thomas, D.E.; Cullen, J.B.. (2008). The three pillars of institutional theory and FDI in Latin America: An institutionalization process, International Business Review, 17(1), 118-133
• Daniels, J.D.; Krug, J.A.; Trevino, Len. (2007). Foreign direct investment from Latin America and the Caribbean, Transnational Corporations, 16(1), 27-53
• Mixon, F.G.; Trevino, Len; Minto, T.. (2005). Are legislative T.V. and campaign finance regulations complementary entry barriers? Evidence from the states, Applied Economics, 37(March), 387-396
• Trevino, Len; Mixon, F.G.; Upadhyaya, K.. (2005). Building institutions and foreign direct investment in Latin America, Latin American Business Review, 6(2), 1-18
• Mixon, F.G.; Trevino, Len. (2005). From kickoff to commencement: The positive role of intercollegiate athletics in higher education, Economics of Education Review, 24(February), 97-102
• Mixon, F.G.; Trevino, Len. (2005). Is there gender discrimination in named professorships? An econometric analysis of economics departments in the U.S. South, Applied Economics, 37(May), 849-854
• Grosse, R.; Trevino, Len. (2005). New institutional economics and FDI location in Central and Eastern Europe, Management International Review, 45(2), 123-145
• Mixon, F.G.; Trevino, Len. (2004). Did strategic behavior save the Schindler Jews?, Eastern Economic Journal, 30(3), 493-499
• Mixon, F.G.; Trevino, Len. (2004). How race affects dismissals in college football, Journal of Labor Research, 25(4), 645-656
• Mixon, F.G.; Trevino, Len; Bates, A.. (2004). Just below pricing strategies in the music industry: emperical evidence, International Journal of the Economics of Business, 11(2), 165-174
• Trevino, Len; Mixon, Jr., F.G.. (2004). Strategic factors affecting foreign direct investment decisions by multi-national enterprises in Latin America, Journal of World Business, 39(3), 233-243
• Mixon, F.G.; Sawyer, W.C.; Trevino, Len. (2004). The bureaucracy of murder: emperical evidence, International Journal of Social Economics, 31(September), 855-867
• Mixon, F.G.; Trevino, Len; Minto, T.. (2004). Touchdowns and test scores: exploring the relationship between academics and athletics, Applied Economics Letters, 11, 421-424
• Mixon, F.G.; Sawyer, W.C.; Trevino, Len. (2004). Vertical and horizontal trust networks in bureaucracies: Evidence from the Third Reich, Constitutional Political Economy, 15(4), 371-381
• Trevino, Len; Upadhyaya, K.. (2003). Foreign aid, FDI and economic growth: evidence from Asian countries, Transnational Corporations, 12(2)
• Mixon, F.G.; Trevino, Len. (2003). Fugitives as fish: bounty hunting and explotation of the commons, Social Science Journal, 40(October), 657-664
• Mixon, F.G.; Tyrone, M.; Trevino, Len; Minto, T.. (2003). Politics and the adoption of legislative television: An analysis of the U.S. house vote on C-Span, European Journal of Law and Economics, 16(November), 345-355
• Trevino, Len; Minto, T.. (2003). Racial discrimination and employment in college football, Atlantic Economic Journal, 31(1)
• Mixon, F.G.; Trevino, Len. (2003). The allocation of death in the Salem witch trials, International Journal of Social Economics, 30, 934-941
• Trevino, Len; Grosse, R.. (2002). An analysis of firm-specific resources and foreign direct investment in the United States, International Business Review, 11(4), 47-68
• Trevino, Len; Melton, M.. (2002). Institutional characteristics and propensities for international business programs -- An emperical investigation, Journal of Education for Business, 77(4), 230-235
• Trevino, Len; Daniels, J.D.; Arbelaez, H.. (2002). Market reform and foreign direct investment in Latin America: An Emperical Investigation, Transnational Corporation, 11(1), 29-48
• Trevino, Len; Daniels, J.D.; Arbelaez, H.; Upadhyaya, K.. (2002). Market reform and foreign direct investment in Latin America: Evidence from an error correction model, International Trade Journal, 16(4), 367-392
• Mixon, F.G.; Trevino, Len. (2002). Politicians as utility maximizing agents: Public choice and the British national election of 1945, International Journal of Social Economics, 29(12), 956-962
• Trevino, Len; Melton, M.. (2001). Acquisition of quality signals for experience goods: Higher education, Atlantic Economic Journal, 29(4), 474
• Trevino, Len; Kerr, J.. (2000). Strategic and organizational responses of Mexican managers to environmental uncertainty, Latin American Business Review, 1(4), 1-29
• Trevino, Len. (1998). Strategic responses of Mexican managers to economic reform, Business Horizons, 41(3), 73-80
• Grosse, R.; Trevino, Len. (1996). Foreign direct investment in the United States: An analysis by country of origin, Journal of International Business Studies, 27(1), 139-156
• Trevino, Len; Daniels, J.D.. (1996). The preconditions for manufacturing foreign direct investment in the United States, International Trade Journal, 10(2), 223-246
• McIntyre, J.; Narula, R.; Trevino, Len. (1996). The role of export processing zones for host countries and multinationals: A mutually beneficial relationship?, International Trade Journal, 10(4), 435-466
• Trevino, Len; Daniels, J.D.. (1995). FDI theory and foreign direct investment in the United States: A comparison of investors and non-investors, International Business Review, 4(2), 177-194
• Trevino, Len; Daniels, J.D.. (1994). An empirical assessment of the preconditions of Japanese manufacturing foreign direct investment in the United States, Review of World Economics, 130(3), 576-599

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